Downloads
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7480/jfde.2020.2.4788Keywords:
Construction and demolition waste, recycling, high energy performing buildings, prefabricated ventilated façade panel, hygrothermal performanceAbstract
The construction sector, identified as one of the largest producers of construction and demolition waste (CDW) and one of the largest energy consumers, demands effective measures and applicable solutions to address sustainability challenges. The closed-loop recycling of CDW, integrated with the large-scale deployment of high energy performing buildings, represents a challenge for the whole construction sector, where the lack of waste efficient and energy efficient envelope systems is identified as one of the main barriers. The aim of this paper is to provide one possible solution to tackle the aforementioned issues – a highly insulated prefabricated ventilated façade panel with concrete layers produced using recycled CDW. The results of extensive research confirm that it is possible to replace a high percentage (50%) of natural coarse aggregate with recycled CDW and produce concrete with good mechanical, durability, and hygrothermal properties. Upscaling from initial research and optimisation at material level to an element level, i.e. development and testing of a ventilated façade panel, demonstrated that it is possible to produce a modular envelope system from recycled CDW that meets all performance requirements for certain construction product type (Declaration of performance and CE-marking). Moreover, the results of hygrothermal and energy consumption field monitoring at the whole building level suggest that the developed panel is suitable for use as a high-performing building envelope in real environmental conditions.
How to Cite
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Ivana Banjad Pečur, Marina Bagarić, Bojan Milovanović
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors or their institutions retain copyright to their publications without restrictions.
References
Bagarić, M., Banjad Pečur, I., Milovanović, B., & Hozmec, S. (2019). Ventilated sandwich wall panel from recycled aggregate concrete: Hygrothermal characterization, Proceedings of International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures - Energy Efficient Building Design and Legislation, RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., Rovinj, Croatia, 102–110.
Bagarić, M., Banjad Pečur, I., & Milovanović, B. (2020). Hygrothermal performance of ventilated prefabricated sandwich wall panel from recycled construction and demolition waste – A case study, Energy and Buildings 206. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109573.
Banjad Pečur, I., Štirmer, N., & Milovanović, B. (2015). Recycled aggregate concrete for nearly zero-energy buildings, Magazine of Concrete Research 67, 575–584. doi:10.1680/macr.14.00220.
Banjad Pečur, I., Bagarić, M., & Bomberg, M. (2020). GUEST EDITORS’ PREFACE: Special issue “A Paradigm Shift in Integrated Building Design - Towards Dynamically Operated Buildings,” Advances in Building Energy Research. doi:10.1080/17512549.202 0.1731710. – Accepted for publishing
Banjad Pečur, I. & Štirmer, N. (2012). Application of recycling aggregate in concrete - Experiences in Croatia, Proceedings of 19. Slovenski Kolokvij o Betonih: Doseganje Posebnih Betonov z Uporabo Odpadlih Materialov [Slovenian Colloquium on Concrete: Achieving Special Concretes with the Use of Waste Materials], IRMA Inštitut za raziskavo materialov in aplikacije, Ljubljana, Slovenija, pp. 51–62.
Behera, M., Bhattacharyya, S.K., Minocha, A.K., Deoliya, R., & Maiti, S. (2014). Recycled aggregate from C&D waste & its use in concrete - A breakthrough towards sustainability in construction sector: A review, Construction and Building Materials (68), 501–516. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.003.
BETON-LUČKO Ltd. (2015). Declaration of performance ECO-SANDWICH wall panel, http://www.eco-sandwich.hr/repository/ declaration-of-performance/
Bjegović, D., Banjad Pečur, I., Štirmer, N., Milovanovic, B., Carević, I., & Alagušić, M. (2014). Ventilated precast wall panel ECO-SANDWICH®, Proceedings of International Symposium on researching and application of contemporary achievements in civil engineering in the field of materials and structures, Vrnjačka Banja, Srbija, 533–544.
Calvo, N., Varela-Candamio L., & Novo-Corti I. A. (2014). Dynamic Model for Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Management in Spain: Driving Policies Based on Economic Incentives and Tax Penalties, Sustainability 6, 416-435. doi:10.3390/su6010416
CECE (2020). Construction and Infrastructure Sector. https://www.cece.eu/industry-and-market/construction-and-infrastructure-sector
Cist racun (2017). Kindergarten Ribica Sarvaš. https://cistracun.net/tag/djecji-vrtic-ribica-sarvas/
Correia, A. L. (2017). Fabricating architecture: From Modern to Global Space, PhD thesis, University of Coimbra, Portugal
C3 project (2020). Carbon Concrete Composite. http://www.bauen-neu-denken.de/ de Brito, J., Gonçalves, A. P., & Ramos dos Santos, R. (2006). Recycled concrete production: Multiple recycling of concrete coarse aggregates, Revista Ingenieria de Construccion [Journal of Construction Engineering] 21 (1), 33-40
de Brito, J., Poon, C. S., & Zhan, B. (2019). New Trends in Recycled Aggregate Concrete – Special issue of Applied Sciences. https:// www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci/special_issues/Recycled_Aggregate_Concrete?view=compact&listby=date#published
ECO-SANDWICH® (2012). Energy efficient, recycled concrete sandwich façade panel – EU funded project, https://www.eco-sandwich. hr/
EN ISO 13790 (2008). Energy performance of buildings – Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling
EN 15804 (2013). Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations – Core rules for the product category of construction products
EN ISO 52016-1 (2017). Energy performance of buildings – Energy needs for heating and cooling; internal temperatures and sensible and latent heat loads – Part 1: Calculation procedures
European Commission (2015a). Closing the loop - An EU action plan for the Circular Economy, COM(2015) 614 final
European Commission (2015b). CE marking of construction products step by step. https://ec.europa.eu/growth/content/ ce-marking-construction-products-step-step-guide-now-available-all-eu-languages-0_en
European Commission (2018). A Clean Planet for all, A European strategic long-term vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate neutral economy, COM(2018) 773 final, Brussels
European Parliament (2002). Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the energy performance of buildings, Official Journal of the European Communities. L 1/65
European Parliament and Council (2008), Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain directives, Official Journal of the European Union. L312/3. doi:2008/98/EC.; 32008L0098.
European Parliament (2010). Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast), Official Journal of the European Union. L 153/13
European Parliament (2018a). Directive (EU) 2018/844 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings and Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency, Official Journal of the European Union. L156/75
European Parliament (2018b). Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast), Official Journal of the European Union. L 328/82
EUROSTAT 2015, http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/setupModifyTableLayout.do?state=new¤tDime nsion=DS052688WASTE (accessed April 30 2015)
Evangelisti, L., Battista, G., Guattari, C., Basilicata, C., & de Lieto Vollaro, R. (2014). Influence of the thermal inertia in the European simplified procedures for the assessment of buildings’ energy performance, Sustainability 6 (7), 4514–4524. doi:10.3390/ su6074514.
Fenollera, M., Míguez, J., Goicoechea, I., & Lorenzo, J. (2015) Experimental Study on Thermal Conductivity of Self-Compacting Concrete with Recycled Aggregate, Materials (8). 4457–4478. doi:10.3390/ma8074457.
Fraile-Garcia, E., Ferreiro-Cabello, J., López-Ochoa, L.M., & López-González, L.M. (2017). Study of the technical feasibility of increasing the amount of recycled concrete waste used in ready-mix concrete production, Materials (10). doi:10.3390/ma10070817.
Hägerstedt, S. O. & Harderup, L.-E. (2011). Comparison of measured and calculated temperature and relative humidity with varied and constant air flow in the façade air gap, Proceedings of 9th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics, Tampere, Finland. 147–154
HEP ESCO (2018). ESCO Monitor®. http://www.hep.hr/esco/energy-services/esco-monitor-1766/1766
HZN (Croatian Standards Institute) (2016). HRN EN 206: Concrete – Specification, performance, production and conformity (EN 206:2013+A:2016)
ISO (2016). Strategic business plan ISO/TC 071. https://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/fetch/2000/2122/687806/ISO_TC_071__Concrete__reinforced_concrete_and_pre-stressed_concrete_.pdf?nodeid=1162199&vernum=0
Ku, K. & Cardenas, C. (2008). Flexibility in prefabrication approaches: Lessons from two US homebuilders, 2008 ACSA Northeast Fall Conference Proceedings, USA
Marco, P. (2014). A conceptual model to design recycled aggregate concrete for structural applications. Springer Theses, Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26473-8 ISSN.
Martinić, L., Pogačić, V., & Marić, K. (2019). The impact of ties on point thermal bridges and optimisation of their arrangement for increasing the stiffness of precast wall panels, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Zagreb. (Student work awarded by Rector, on Croatian)
MGIPU (Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning, Republic of Croatia) (2014). Primary energy and CO2 emission factors. http://www.mgipu.hr/doc/EnergetskaUcinkovitost/FAKTORI_primarne_energije.pdf.
MGIPU (2018). Technical regulation on energy economy and heat retention in buildings, Official Gazette 128/15, 70/18, 73/18, 86/18.
Milovanović, B., Bagarić, M., Banjad Pečur, I., & Štirmer, N. (2018). Use of recycled aggregate concrete for energy efficient buildings, Proceedings of 3rd R.N. Raikar Memorial International Conference and Gettu-Kodur International Symposium on Advances in Science and Technology of Concrete, Mumbai, India
Milovanović, B. & Mikulić, D. (2011). Assessment Method for Combined Heat, Air and Moisture Transfer in Building Components, Proceedings of International Conference on Energy Management in Cultural Heritage, Dubrovnik, Croatia
Monier, V., Hestin, M., Trarieux, M., Mimid, S., Domröse, L., Van Acoleyen, M., Hjerp, P., & Mudgal, S. (2011). Study on the management of Construction and demolition waste in the EU. Contract 07.0307/2009/540863/SER/G2, Final report for the European Commission (DG Environment)
Mundt-Petersen, S. O. (2015). Moisture safety in wood frame buildings - Blind evaluation of the hygrothermal calculation tool WUFI using field measurements and determination of factors affecting the moisture safety (Doctoral dissertation), Lund University.
Pickel, D. (2014). Recycled Concrete Aggregate: Influence of Aggregate Pre-Saturation and Curing Conditions on the Hardened Properties of Concrete. (Master’s Thesis), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
PRéConsultants bv (2015). LCA of ECO-SANDWICH® wall panels – Assessing the sustainability of a wall panel made of recycled and innovative materials in residential and commercial buildings. https://www.construction21.org/data/sources/ users/24897/150902peer-reviewed-lca-of-eco-sandwich-wall-panelsv22final-signed.pdf (accessed August 21, 2020)
Scuderi, G. (2019). Designing Flexibility and Adaptability: The Answer to Integrated Residential Building Retrofit, Designs 3, 3. doi:10.3390/designs3010003
Sedlbauer, K. (2001). Prediction of mould fungus formation on the surface of and inside building components, Doctoral thesis, Universität Stuttgart, 2001. http://www.ibp.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/ibp/en/documents/ks_dissertation_etcm1021-30729. pdf.
Statista (2020). Major countries in worldwide cement production 2015-2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/267364/ world-cement-production-by-country/
Štirmer, N., Banjad Pečur, I., & Milovanović, B. (2015). Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Efficient, Recycled Concrete Sandwich Façade Panel, Proceedings of International UKIERI Concrete Congress, Jalandhar, Punjab, India, 717–726.
Vyncke, J. & Vrijders, J. (2016). Recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste - An Overview of RILEM Achievements and State of the Art in the EU, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Concrete Sustainability – ICCS16, Madrid, Spain
Zhu, L., Dai, J., Bai, G., & Zhang, F. (2015). Study on thermal properties of recycled aggregate concrete and recycled concrete blocks, Construction and Building Materials (94). 620–628. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.058.