The Case Study of the Libeskind Tower in Milan
Downloads
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7480/jfde.2020.1.4703Keywords:
computational fluid dynamics (CFD), finite element analysis (FEA), performance, Fire Safety Engineering (FSE), façadesAbstract
Nowadays the construction industry is characterised by high multifunctional and complex buildings with innovative façade systems. Unlike a simple prescriptive approach according to standards and codes, a performance-based design allows to define safety levels and goals, to evaluate heat transfer to the structure and the structure response based on fire behaviour, to model different fire scenarios by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software and to personalize the design according to a specific project in order to reach the required level of safety. Through a significant case study, the paper describes the performance-based design approach in the Fire Safety Engineering field (FSE). The analysis demonstrates consistent results between the CFD fire modelling output and the laboratory test results on a real scale façade mock-up. Moreover, a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) performed on a section of the façade mullion allows to identify and to highlight the façade system critical issues in different fire scenarios.
How to Cite
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors or their institutions retain copyright to their publications without restrictions.
References
Aelenei, L., Aelenei, D., Brzezicki, M., Mazzucchelli, E.S., Rico Martinez, J., & Romano, R. (2018). Case Studies – AdaptiveFaçades Network. Volume 3.1. TU Delft Open, Delft, Netherlands.
Anderson, J., Boström, L., McNamee, R. & Milovanović, B. (2017). Modeling of fire exposure in facade fire testing. Fire and Materials. doi: 10.1002/fam.2485.
Babrauskas, V. (1998). Glass Breakage in Fires. The Fire Place, Washington Chapter IAAI Newsletter: 15-18.
Bjegović, D., Pečur, I., Milovanović, B., Rukavina, M., & Alagušić, M. (2016).Comparative full-scale fire performance testing of ETICS systems. Gradevinar 68, vol. 5. doi: 10.14256/JCE.1347.2015.
BS 7974:2001. Application of fire safety principles to the design of buildings - Code of practice, British standard.
De la Fuente, B.J. (2019). Performance-based design for a single skin façade. Case study: Libeskind tower in Citylife Milano. Master’s Thesis. School of Architecture Urban Planning Construction Engineering - Politecnico di Milano.
EN 1991-1-2 (2002). Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-2: General actions – Actions on structures exposed to fire.
EN 1999-1-2 (2007). Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-2: Structural fire design.
EN 1364-3 (2014). Fire resistance tests for non-loadbearing elements - Part 3: Curtain walling - Full configuration (complete assembly).
FSC Engineering Srl (2018). Torre Tcc. Analisi del comportamento al fuoco della facciata continua [Tcc Tower. Fire behaviour analysis of the curtain wall]. Technical report. City Life, Milano, Italy.
Kotthoff, I., Hauswaldt, S., Riese, O., & Riemesch-Speer J. (2016). Investigations of the performance of facades made of ETICS with polystyrene under external fire exposure and fire safety measures for their improvement. 2nd International Seminar on Fire Safety of Facades, Lund, Sweden. MATEC Web of Conferences Vol. 46. doi: 10.1051/matecconf/20164602007
Mazziotti, L., & Cancelliere, P. (2013). The Italian National Guidelines for the fire safety of facades. 1st International Seminar for Fire Safety of Facades, MATEC Web of Conferences Vol. 9. doi: 10.1051/matecconf/20130901005
McGrattan, K., Hostikka, S., McDermott, R., Floyd, J., Weinschenk, C., & Overholt, C. (2013). Fire Dynamics Simulator. User’s Guide, v. 6. Gaithersburg, NIST Special Publication 1019.
McGrattan, K., Hostikka, S., McDermott, R., Floyd, J., Weinschenk, C., & Overholt, C. (2013). Fire Dynamics Simulator. Technical Reference Guide, v. 6. Gaithersburg, NIST Special Publication 1018.
Mazzucchelli, E.S., Alston, M., Brzezicki, M., & Doniacovo, L. (2018). Study of a BIPV Adaptive System. Combining Timber and Photovoltaic Technologies. Journal of Façade Design and Engineering, vol. 6 (3), pp. 149-162, TU Delft Open, Delft, Netherlands, doi: 10.7480/jfde.2018.3.2602
Mazzucchelli, E.S., Lucchini, A., & Stefanazzi, A. (2019). Fire safety issues in high-rise building façades. TEMA Technologies Engineering Materials Architecture vol. 5 n. 1, doi: 10.17410/tema.v5i1.221
NFPA 92B - Standard for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria, and Large Spaces, 2009 Edition, Quincy, MA, USA, National Fire Protection Association, 2009.
Northe, C., Riese, O., & Zehfuß, J. (2016). Experimental investigations of the fire behaviour of facades with EPS exposed to different fire loads. 2nd International Seminar on Fire Safety of Facades, Lund, Sweden. MATEC Web of Conferences Vol. 46. doi: 10.1051/matecconf/20164602001
PD 7974-1:2003. Application of fire safety principles to the design of buildings, Part 1: Initiation and development of fire within the enclosure of origin (Sub-system 1), BSI reference.
Rigone, P., & Giussani, P. (2019). Multidisciplinary approach in facade design: the upcoming role of the specialist “Façade Engineer”. Costruzioni Metalliche, n. 2/ 2019, ISSN 0010-9673.
Rigone, P., Mazzucchelli, E.S., & De la Fuente, B. (2020). Fire Safety Façade Design – The case study of an office tower in Milan. Façade Tectonics 2020 World Congress. https://www.facadetectonics.org/papers/fire-safety-façades-design
Romano, R., Aelenei, L., Aelenei, D., & Mazzucchelli, E.S. (2018). What is an Adaptive Façade? Analysis of Recent Terms and Definitions from an International Perspective. Journal of Façade Design and Engineering, vol. 6 (3), pp. 65-76, TU Delft Open, Delft, Netherlands, doi: 10.7480/jfde.2018.3.2478
Rukavina, M., Carevic, M., & Pečur, I. (2017). Fire protection of façades – The guidelines for Designers, Architects, Engineers and Fire Expert. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Zagreb, Croatia.
Steinberg, T., Newton, B., & Beeson, H. (2000). Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres: Ninth Volume. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, doi: 10.1520/STP1395-EB