Articles
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Wind forces acting on plants can be calculated in CFD simulations using porous body elements. The simulations in this study showed close agreement with wind tunnel tests. Drag coefficients derived from wind-tunnel measurements can be used as input parameters for CFD simulations to estimate the drag forces on plants in wind flows. Two approaches for determining the porosity coefficient are presented and compared; both yield comparable results. Discrepancies occur primarily at low wind speeds in the range of 0-10 m/s, with deviations of up to 50%, due to the small absolute forces involved....
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63-86
Over 85% of Europe’s existing building stock fails to meet current energy-efficiency standards, underscoring the urgent need for large-scale retrofits. In line with EU climate objectives to accelerate the renovation wave and reduce embodied carbon emissions, façade retrofit offers significant potential to lower operational energy and resource demand, aligning with Circular Economy (CE) principles. However, the implementation of CE strategies is limited by fragmented practices, insufficiently documented product data, and the lack of standardised integration within design workflows.
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87-114
Multilayer air-supported membrane structures are operated mostly uncontrolled by maintaining a set pressure and the lowest possible supply-air humidity. This leads to high energy use from constantly maintaining the default pressure and the continuous drying of the supply air necessary to avoid the cushions collapsing and condensation inside the air chambers.
Controlling pressure and humidity interactively across all chambers of the membrane cushion will enable ETFE foil manufacturers to apply functional coatings to foils, use thin-film...
